Husbands with extramarital sexual relationships increased their wives’ risk by 2.7 times .
If husbands had three or more extramarital partners, their wives’ risk increased by 3.05 times .
For husbands who had relationships both before and during the marriage, the risk for their wives was nearly 7 times higher .
2. Husband Has a History of Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs)
A man’s history of sexually transmitted diseases is a powerful indicator of his exposure to carcinogenic agents, including HPV. The same behaviors that put a man at risk for STDs also put him at risk for contracting and transmitting high-risk HPV.
The same Indian study found that a husband’s history of an STD was a critical risk factor for his wife. Specifically:
A husband’s history of an STD before marriage raised his wife’s cervical cancer risk by 2.9 times .
A husband’s history of an STD after marriage was even more potent, increasing his wife’s risk by 5.9 times .
3. Husband Is Not Circumcised (or Was Circumcised Later in Life)
