Impact on the immune system and sleep
Studies suggest that regular affectionate contact such as hugging, holding hands, or cuddling—can support immune function. When intimacy fades, especially physical touch, the body may experience higher levels of cortisol, the stress hormone. Elevated cortisol over long periods is associated with weaker immune response and increased inflammation.
Sleep can also be affected. Intimacy often promotes relaxation and deeper sleep through hormonal release and emotional security. Older adults who experience touch deprivation or emotional distance may notice more difficulty falling asleep, lighter sleep, or frequent nighttime waking.
